Solstice currently supports Utah courts. Wherever you live, you can create a free account and talk with Solstice, our AI virtual paralegal.

A plain-language guide

Representing yourself? Start here.

If you're at the beginning of a divorce or a court case and you feel overwhelmed, that's normal. This guide explains the words, the steps and the deadlines. When you're ready, Solstice can walk through your own situation with you, for free.

First, take a breath

You don't have to decide everything today. Most court deadlines are measured in weeks, not hours, but they are real, so the most useful first step is finding yours. If you are in danger, call 911. The National Domestic Violence Hotline is free and confidential at 1-800-799-7233.

Find your starting point

Which of these sounds like you?

"I'm thinking about divorce, but I haven't done anything yet."

  1. Learn the three usual paths. Spouses who agree on everything can file an uncontested divorce. Many who disagree settle through mediation. Only the rest go to a contested hearing or trial. About two in three family cases end up uncontested.
  2. Understand the costs. A lawyer handling the whole case is the most expensive route, and there is a lot of room between that and doing it all alone. See typical costs side by side.
  3. Start gathering financial records. In Utah, each side must exchange a completed Financial Declaration early in the case, so pay stubs, tax returns, account statements and debts will all be needed.
  4. Know that partial help from a lawyer exists. Some attorneys will review your papers or coach you for a hearing without taking the whole case.

How Solstice helps: talk it through privately, in your own words, before you commit to anything. You don't need a case number or any documents to start a conversation.

Explore my options, free

"I've decided to file, and I need to know the steps."

  1. Prepare and file your petition. The Utah courts' free MyPaperwork tool builds many family-law forms through a guided interview.
  2. Serve your spouse with the papers, following the court rules, and file proof that you did.
  3. Take the required classes. Utah requires a divorce orientation course, plus a parenting course when you have minor children.
  4. Exchange financial information through your Financial Declaration and initial disclosures.
  5. Reach agreement or prepare for a hearing, often with a mediator's help.
  6. Wait out the 30-day minimum before a judge can sign the final decree.

How Solstice helps: keep every paper in one place, get each deadline calculated from the court rules, and draft your documents section by section. You review everything, and you decide what gets filed.

Build my roadmap, free

"I was just served with divorce papers."

  1. Write down the date and the way you were served. Your deadline counts from it. If you were served in person in Utah, a response is generally due in 21 days. If you were served outside Utah, it is generally 30 days.
  2. Don't ignore the papers. If you never respond, the court can decide the case without hearing from you. This is called a default.
  3. Read every page, including any notice about the divorce orientation course. Respondents who take it within 30 days of being served pay the lower fee.
  4. Get help early. Free and low-cost options are listed below, and many have waiting lists, so reach out this week.

How Solstice helps: upload what you received so you can ask questions about it, then enter the date you were served. Solstice shows your response deadline along with the rule it comes from, so you can check it yourself.

Find my deadline, free

Deadlines depend on how and where you were served. Service by publication and some other situations use different periods. Always confirm against the court rules or with the court's self-help center.

Infographic

The path of a typical Utah divorce

Every case is different, but most Utah divorces pass through these milestones. Uncontested cases move fastest. About one in four family cases is resolved within three months.

  1. Day 0 Start

    File the petition

    The person filing is the petitioner. The other spouse is the respondent.

  2. Serve As soon as possible

    Serve the respondent

    The respondent must be formally given the papers, and proof of service is filed with the court.

  3. 21 or 30 days After service

    The respondent answers

    Generally 21 days when served in Utah, or 30 days when served outside Utah.

    Utah R. Civ. P. 12(a)
  4. 14 days After the first answer

    Exchange financial declarations and disclosures

    Each side serves a completed Financial Declaration and initial disclosures on the other.

    Utah R. Civ. P. 26.1
  5. 30 days After filing or service

    Take the required courses

    A divorce orientation course costs $15 when taken within 30 days ($30 after). Parents also take a parenting course, which costs $35. Fee waivers are available.

    Utah Code of Judicial Administration 4-907
  6. Agree Weeks to months

    Reach agreement or prepare for a hearing

    An agreement is called a stipulation. Mediation often helps the two sides get there.

  7. 30+ days After filing, at the earliest

    The judge signs the decree

    Utah law requires at least 30 days between filing and the final decree, unless a judge finds extraordinary circumstances.

    Utah Code 81-4-402 · Utah R. Civ. P. 105

Sources: Utah State Courts self-help pages; Utah Rules of Civil Procedure; Utah Code of Judicial Administration; National Center for State Courts, The Landscape of Domestic Relations Cases in State Courts (2018). General information, not legal advice.

Court words, decoded

A glossary for your first week

You'll see these words on forms and in court. Here's what they mean.

Pro se
Representing yourself, without a lawyer. Pronounced "pro say". Courts also say "self-represented".
Petitioner and respondent
The petitioner files the case. The respondent is the other party, who responds to it.
Petition
The document that starts the case and says what the petitioner is asking the court to do.
Service
Formally delivering court papers to the other party, following the court's rules.
Answer
The respondent's written response to the petition, filed by a deadline.
Default
What can happen when a party never responds: the court may decide the case without them.
Stipulation
A written agreement between the parties, which a judge can make part of the final order.
Mediation
A meeting with a neutral third person who helps both sides reach an agreement. The mediator doesn't decide anything.
Financial Declaration
A court form listing your income, expenses, assets and debts, with supporting documents attached.
Custody and parent-time
Custody covers who makes decisions and where the children live. Parent-time is Utah's term for visitation.
Motion
A written request asking the judge to make a specific order, often before the case is over.
Decree
The judge's final order that ends the marriage and sets out the terms.
Straight answers

What Solstice does, and what it doesn't

Solstice does

  • Explain court processes and legal terms in plain language
  • Help you organize your papers and find what's inside them
  • Calculate court deadlines from the rules, showing the rule it used
  • Answer questions about your documents with the source for each answer
  • Help you draft documents for you to review, edit and file yourself

Solstice doesn't

  • Act as your lawyer, or create an attorney-client relationship
  • Give legal advice about what you should do in your case
  • File anything with the court for you
  • Appear in court or talk to the other side for you
  • Guarantee any result in your case
You have options

Other help in Utah, much of it free

Solstice works well alongside these resources. If your case involves safety concerns, significant property or a custody dispute, talking with a lawyer is worth it.

Utah Courts Self-Help Center

Free guidance from the courts on divorce, custody, protective orders and more.

MyPaperwork

The courts' free guided interviews that produce many family-law forms.

Utah Free Legal Answers

Qualifying users post a civil legal question online, and a volunteer lawyer answers.

Utah Legal Services

Free civil legal help statewide for people with low incomes, including divorce and protective orders.

Legal Aid Society of Salt Lake

Family-law help in Salt Lake County, and protective orders for domestic violence victims.

Timpanogos Legal Center

A free legal advice line and document review clinics for divorce, custody and protective orders.

Utah Dispute Resolution

Low-cost mediation for divorce and custody, on a sliding scale.

Modest Means Lawyer Referral

The Utah State Bar's program connecting people with lawyers at reduced rates. Find it through the courts' self-help pages.

Ready to talk through your situation?

Create a free account and start a private conversation. Tell Solstice what's happening, and it will help you work out your next step.

This guide is general information about Utah procedure, not legal advice about your case.